Opto-Link Corporationについて
Opto Linkは、2000年に設立された光ファイバ装置・光ファイバ部品のメーカー(旧社名:Opto-Link)。
ASE,SLED光源(ベンチトップ/モジュール型),EDFA増幅器,Er添加ファイバ増幅器(ベンチトップ/モジュール型),光ファイバ部品等に
特化してカスタム化にも対応し、通信・研究開発・光学センサー用途等で幅広く用いられています。
製品 – products
Fiber Optics Equipments | |
---|---|
製品名 | 製品名 |
ASE Benchtop / modules | SLED sources |
EDFA Benchtop / modules | SWB sources |
Pump laser light sources | Variable Optical attenuators (VOA) |
光ファイバー部品(Fiber Optic Component)
(Polarization) Beam Combiner/Splitters (PDF)
Opto-Link provides 1×2 Polarization Beam Combiners / Splitters from 980nm to 2000nm.
Applications
- Test Equipment
- Raman Amplifier
- Eribium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
- Sensor System
* The following specification is for the Beam Combiner/Splitter without connector.
* For Beam Combiner/Splitter with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
* The PM fiber and connector key are aligned to the slow axis if port 3 is SMF-28 fiber, 250um bare fiber will be used when 250um or 400um Panda fiber is selected for port 1 and 2.
# Insertion Loss measured for Port 3 to Port 1 and Port 2 at slow axis, Port 4 to Port 1 and Port 2 at fast axis.
980nm
Parameter | Values | Units | ||
Center Wavelength | 980 | nm | ||
Operating Wavelength Range | +/-10 | nm | ||
Insertion Loss | 0.8 (Typ), 1.0 (Max) | dB | ||
Extinction Ratio (Splitter Only) | Min. | 20 | dB | |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Optical Power | Max. | 500 | mW | |
Fiber Type | PM 980 Panda Fiber on Port 1 and 2, HI 1060 or PM 980 Panda Fiber on Port 3 | — | ||
Tensile Load | Max. | 5 | N | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1064nm
Parameter | Values | Units | ||
Center Wavelength | 1064 | nm | ||
Operating Wavelength Range | +/- 20 | nm | ||
Insertion Loss | 0.6 (Typ), 0.8 (Max) | dB | ||
Extinction Ratio (Splitter Only) | Min. | 22 | dB | |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Directivity | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Optical Power | Max. | 500 | mW | |
Fiber Type | PM 980 Panda Fiber on Port 1 and 2, HI 1060 or PM Panda Fiber on Port 3 | — | ||
Tensile Load | Max. | 5 | N | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1310, 1480 or 1550 Series
Parameter | Values | Units | ||
Center Wavelength | 1310, 1480 or 1550 | 1310/1550 | nm | |
Operating Wavelength Range | +/- 40 | nm | ||
Insertion Loss | 0.4 (Typ), 0.6 (Max) | 0.8 (Typ), 1.0 (Max) | dB | |
Extinction Ratio (Splitter Only) | Min. | 22 | dB | |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Directivity | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Optical Power | Max. | 500 | mW | |
Fiber Type | PM Panda Fiber on Port 1 and 2, SMF-28 or PM Panda Fiber on Port 3 | — | ||
Tensile Load | Max. | 5 | N | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
2000nm
Parameter | Value | Units |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm |
Operating Wavelength Range | CWL+/-40 | nm |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 0.6 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1.1 | dB |
Min. Extinction Ratio (for splitter only) | 20 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Min. Directivity | 50 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 500 | nW |
Fiber Type | PM1550 Panda fiber for Port1&2 SMF-28 or PM1550 Panda fiber for Port3 | — |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order instructions: see PDF.
Tap ratio Couplers / Splitters
Opto-Link provides Single-Mode, Multimode and PM couplers, and PLC Splitters.
Applications:
- Long Haul Telecommunications
- Test Equipment
- CATV System
- Fiber Optic Sensors
- Network Monitoring
- LAN, WAN Systems
- Subscribers Loop
Single-Mode Couplers
* The specification is for the SM Coupler without connector.
633nm (PDF):
Parameter | Values | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 633 | nm | |
Operating Bandwidth | +/- 15 | nm | |
Port Configuration | 1×2 or 2×2 | — | |
Coupling Ratio | 50/50 ~ 1/99 | — | |
Excess Loss | Typ | 0.2 | dB |
PDL | Max | 0.15 | dB |
Directivity | Min | 55 | dB |
Operating Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
780nm, 850nm (PDF):
Parameter | Values | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 850 (or others within 780~860) | nm | |
Operating Bandwidth | +/- 5 | nm | |
Port Configuration | 1×2 or 2×2 | — | |
Coupling Ratio | 50/50, others on request | — | |
Excess Loss | Typ | 0.3 | dB |
Insertion Loss | Typ | 3.6 | dB |
Uniformity | Max | 0.6 | dB |
Directivity | Min | 50 | dB |
Operating Temperature | -20 to +75 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +80 | ºC |
980nm or 1060nm (PDF):
Parameter | Values | Units | |||
Operating Wavelength | 980 or 1060 | nm | |||
Operating Bandwidth | +/- 10 | nm | |||
Port Configuration | 1×2 or 2×2 | — | |||
Excess Loss | < 0.1 | dB | |||
Coupling Ratio | 1/99 | 10/90 | 20/80 | 50/50 | % |
Insertion Loss | 21.9/0.25 | 11.0/0.70 | 7.7/1.2 | 3.5/3.5 | dB |
WDL | 1.5/0.08 | 0.8/0.1 | 0.7/0.15 | 0.4/0.4 | dB |
Polarization Dependent Loss | < 0.1 | dB | |||
Return Loss | > 50 | dB | |||
Thermal Stability | < 0.002 | dB/ºC | |||
Operating Temperature | -20 to 70 | ºC |
1310nm or 1550nm (PDF):
Parameter | Standard | Polarization Independent |
Wavelength Independent |
Wavelength Flattened |
Units | ||
Operating Wavelength | 1310 or 1550, others on request | 1310&1550 | nm | ||||
Bandwidth | ±20 | ±20 | ±40 | ±40 | nm | ||
Excess Loss | Typ | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | dB | |
Max | 0.08 | dB | |||||
Insertion Loss | Coupling ratio | ||||||
50/50 | Typ | 3.05 | 3.05 | 3.05 | 3.06 | dB | |
Max | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | dB | ||
40/60 | Typ | 4.1/2.3 | dB | ||||
Max | 4.4/2.5 | 4.4/2.5 | 4.4/2.5 | 4.7/2.7 | dB | ||
30/70 | Typ | 5.3/1.6 | dB | ||||
Max | 5.6/1.8 | 5.6/1.8 | 5.6/1.8 | 6.0/1.9 | dB | ||
20/80 | Typ | 7.1/1.0 | dB | ||||
Max | 7.4/1.2 | 7.4/1.2 | 7.4/1.2 | 7.9/1.2 | dB | ||
PDL | 50/50, 40/60 | Max | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.1 | dB |
30/70, 20/80 | Max | 0.15/0.10 | 0.06/0.04 | 0.15/0.10 | 0.15/0.10 | dB | |
Thermal Stability | Max | 0.002dB over -40ºC to +85ºC | dB | ||||
Directivity | Configuration | ||||||
1×2 | Min | 50, 60 on request | dB | ||||
2×2 | Min | 65 | dB | ||||
Operating Temperature | 250μm bare fiber | -40 to +85 | ºC | ||||
900μm loose fiber | -20 to +70 | ºC | |||||
3mm loose cable | -20 to +70 | ºC |
2000nm:
Parameter | Value | Units |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm |
Operating Wavelength | CWL+/-20 | nm |
Coupling Ratio | 50/50 | % |
Max. Insertion Loss (1->3) | 3.5/3.5 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss (2->3) | 3.5/3.5 | dB |
Max. PDL | 0.1 | dB |
Max. Excess Loss | 0.3 | dB |
Thermal Stability | <=0.002 over -5ºC to +70ºC | dB/ºC |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Directivity (1×2) | 50 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (Continous Wave) | 300 | mW |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 fiber | — |
Package Dimensions | dia.3.0 x 47mm for 250um bare fiber dia. 3.0 x 60mm for 900um loose tube |
mmmm |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Instruction: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Multimode Couplers (PDF)
* The specification is for the MM Coupler without connector.
500-1600nm (Large Core 200/230µm Fiber)
Parameter> | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 500 ~ 1600 | nm | |
Central Wavelength | 850 or 1310 | nm | |
Port Configuration | 1×2 or 2×2 | ||
Coupling Ratio | 50/50 (Tolerance: +/-3) | ||
Excess Loss | Max | 1.0 | dB |
Directivity | Min | 35 | dB |
Operating Temperature | -25 to +60 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +70 | ºC | |
Fiber Type | Multimode 200/230µm | ||
Package Dimension | Ø4.0mm x 70mm | mm |
600-1600nm (50/125µm and 62.5/125µm Fiber)
Parameter | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 600 ~ 1600 | nm | |
Central Wavelength | 850 or 1310 | nm | |
Port Configuration | 1×2 or 2×2 | ||
Coupling Ratio | 50/50, others on request | ||
Excess Loss | Typ | 0.55 | dB |
Max | 0.8 | ||
Insertion Loss | Typ | 3.6 | dB |
Max | 3.9 | ||
Uniformity | Max | 0.6 | dB |
Directivity | Min | 40 | dB |
Operating Temperature | -20 to +70 | ºC | |
Fiber Type | Multimode 50/125µm or 62.5/125µm | ||
Package Dimension | 250µm bare fiber | Ø3mm x 48mm stainless steel tube | mm |
900µm loose tube | Ø3.5mm x 66mm stainless steel tube | ||
3mm loose cable | 90mm x 16mm x 9mm box case |
Order Instruction: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
PM Couplers (PDF)
Applications:
- Test Equipment
- Raman Amplifier
- Erbium-Doped
- Fiber Amplifier
- Sensor System
* The specification is for the PM Coupler without connector.
* For Devices with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
* The PM fiber and connector key are aligned to the slow axis.
850nm:
Parameters | Values | Units | ||
Center Wavelength | 850 | nm | ||
Operating Wavelength Range | +/-40 | nm | ||
Configuration | 1×2 | 2×2 | — | |
Max. Excess Loss | 0.8 | 1.1 | dB | |
Max. Uniformity | 0.6 | 0.8 | dB | |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | 18 | dB | |
Tap Ratio | 1+/-0.2%, 5+/-1%, 10% and 50% | — | ||
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB | ||
Max. Optical Power | 300 | mW | ||
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | ||
Fiber Type | SMF-28 or PM Panda Fiber on Tap PortPM Panda Fiber on Input &Output Port | — | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
980nm:
Parameters | Values | Units | ||
Center Wavelength | 980 | nm | ||
Operating Wavelength Range | +/-10 | nm | ||
Configuration | 1×2 | 2×2 | — | |
Max. Excess Loss | 1.2 | 1.7 | dB | |
Max. Uniformity (only for 50%) | 0.8 | 1 | dB | |
Tap Ratio | 1+/-0.2%, 2+/-0.4%, 5+/-1%, 10% and 50% | — | ||
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB | ||
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB | ||
Max. Optical Power | 300 | mW | ||
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | ||
Fiber Type | HI 1060 or PM Panda Fiber on Tap PortPM Panda Fiber on Input &Output Port | — | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1064nm:
Parameters |
Values
|
Units
|
|
Center Wavelength |
1064 or Specfiy
|
nm
|
|
Operating Wavelength Range |
±20
|
nm
|
|
Type |
1 x 2
|
2 x 2
|
—
|
Max. Excess Loss |
0.8 |
1.2 |
dB
|
Max Uniformity (only for 50/50 type) |
0.6
|
0.8
|
dB
|
Tap Ratio |
1±0.2%, 2±0.4%, 5±1.0% , 10%, and 50% or Specify
|
%
|
|
Min. Return Loss |
50 |
dB
|
|
Min. Extintion Ratio |
20
|
dB
|
|
Max. Optical Power |
300
|
mW
|
|
Max. Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
|
Fiber Type |
PM 980 Panda Fiber or HI 1060 on Tap Port PM 980 Panda Fiber on Input &Output Port |
—
|
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to 70
|
ºC
|
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to 85
|
ºC
|
1310 or 1550nm:
Parameter |
Values
|
Units | |
Center Wavelength |
1310 or 1550
|
nm
|
|
Operating Wavelength Range |
+/- 40
|
nm
|
|
Type |
1 x 2
|
2 x 2
|
—
|
Max. Excess Loss |
0.7
|
1.0
|
dB
|
Max. Uniformity |
0.6
|
0.8
|
dB
|
Tap Ratio |
1+/-0.2%, 2+/-0.4%, 5+/-1.0%, 10%, 20% and 50%
|
%
|
|
Min. Return Loss |
50
|
dB
|
|
Min. Extinction Ratio |
20
|
18
|
dB
|
Max. Optical Power |
300
|
mW
|
|
Max. Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to +70
|
ºC
|
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
|
Fiber type |
SMF-28 or PM Panda Fiber on Tap Port PM Panda Fiber on Input & Output Port |
—
|
2000nm:
Parameter | Value | Units |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm |
Operating Wavelength Range | CWL+/-40 | nm |
Configuration | 1×2 2×2 | — |
Max. Excess Loss | 1.2 1.5 | dB |
Max. Uniformity (only for 50%) | 0.6 0.8 | dB |
Tap Ratio | 1+/-0.2%, 2+/-0.4%, 4+/-0.8%, 5+/-1.0%, 10%, 20% and 50% | % |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 18 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 300 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 or PM1550 Panda fiber for tap port PM1550 Panda fiber for input & output ports |
— |
Order Instruction: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Planar Lightwave Circuit Splitters (PDF)
Applications:
- FTTx Systems
- LAN & WAN
- Passive Optical Networks
- CATV
- Signal Distribution
* The specification is for the PLC Splitter without connector.
** One 1×4 PLCS and four 1×8 PLCS in cascade configuration
1310, 1550nm:
Parameter |
Values
|
Units
|
|||||
Operating Wavelength |
1310, 1550
|
nm
|
|||||
Configuration |
1 x 4
|
1 x 8
|
1 x 16
|
1 x 32
|
2 x 16
|
2 x 32
|
—
|
Max. Insertion Loss |
7.2
|
10.5 | 13.5 | 16.5 | 14.3 | 18.8 |
dB
|
Max. Uniformity |
0.5
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
dB
|
Max. PDL |
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.25
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.45
|
dB
|
Min. Return Loss |
50
|
dB
|
|||||
Min. Directivity |
55
|
dB
|
|||||
Fiber Type |
SMF-28
|
—
|
|||||
Fiber Length | 1 |
m
|
|||||
Operating Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
|||||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
|||||
Dimensions |
3.2 x 3.9 x 40
|
3.2 x 3.9 x 40
|
3.2 x 3.9 x 40
|
3.2 x 5.9 x 50
|
4 x 7 x 60
|
4 x 7 x 70
|
mm
|
Order Instruction: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Circulators
Opto-Link provides 3 and 4 ports circulators from 850nm to 2000nm, including 1064nm and 1310-1550nm windows.
Applications:
- WDM Systems
- Dispersion Compensation
- Sensor Applications
- Optical Amplifiers
- OTDR Applications
Polarization Independent Circulators (PDF)
* The following specifications ares for the Circulator without connector.
850nm
Parameter | 3 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 850 | nm |
Operating Bandwidth | +/-10 | nm |
Insertion Loss | 1.8 (Typ), 2.0 (Max) | dB |
Isolation | >20 | dB |
Return Loss | >45 | dB |
Crosstalk | >45 | dB |
Max. PDL | 0.2 | dB |
Max. PMD | 0.1 | ps |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 500 | mW |
Fiber Type | HI 780 fiber | — |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +50 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
980nm
Parameter | 3 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 980 | nm |
Operating Bandwidth | +/-10 | nm |
Insertion Loss | 1.5 (Typ), 2.0 (Max) | dB |
Isolation | >18 | dB |
PDL | 0.15 | dB |
Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Crosstalk | >45 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 300 | mW |
Fiber Type | HI 1060 fiber | — |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1064nm
Parameter | 3 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 1064 | nm |
Transmission Configuration | 1->2, 2->3 | — |
Insertion Loss | <2.2 | dB |
Isolation | >23 | dB |
PDL | <0.2 | dB |
WDL | <0.2 | dB |
Return Loss | >45 | dB |
Crosstalk | >45 | dB |
Handling Power | 300 | mW |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +65 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1310nm, 1550nm
Parameter | 3 ports | 4 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 1310, 1550 | nm | |
Transmission Configuration | 1->2, 2->3 | 1->2, 2->3, 3->4 | — |
Insertion Loss | <0.8 | dB | |
Isolation | >50 | >45 | dB |
PDL | <0.1 | <0.15 | dB |
PMD | <0.05 | <0.05 | ps |
Return Loss | >50 | >50 | dB |
Handling Power | 300, 1000 | mW | |
Crosstalk | >50 (up to 60dB) | dB | |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
C+L band
Parameter | 3 ports | 4 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 1525 – 1610 | nm | |
Transmission Configuration | 1->2, 2->3 | 1->2, 2->3, 3->4 | — |
Insertion Loss | <0.9 | <1.2 | dB |
Isolation | >40 | >30 | dB |
PDL | <0.15 | <0.2 | dB |
PMD | <0.05 | ps | |
Return Loss | >50 | dB | |
Handling Power | 500 | mW | |
Crosstalk | >50 | dB | |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
2000nm
Parameter | Value | Units |
Operating Wavelength | 2000 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss @23 degC | 1.2 | dB |
Min. Isolation, CWL +/-30nm | 16 | dB |
Min. Crosstalk | 40 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Max. Polarization Dependent Loss | 0.2 | dB |
Max. Average Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 2000 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 | — |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Package Dimensions | 8.4 x 8.4 x 34 | mm |
Order instructions: see PDF.
Polarization-Maintaining Circulators (PDF)
* The specification is for the PM Circulatorwithout connector.
* For PM Circulator with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
* The PM fiber and connector key are aligned to the slow axis.
850nm, 980nm, 1064nm
Parameters | 3 ports | Unit |
Center Wavelength | 850, 980, 1064 | nm |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 1.3 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1.7 | dB |
Min. Isolation | 25 | dB |
Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB |
Min. Crosstalk | 45 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 3 | W |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +60 | °C |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +75 | °C |
Fiber Type | PM 980 or PM 780 (850nm only) | — |
Package Dimensions | (L) 127 x (W) 40 x (H) 40 | mm |
1064nm
Parameters | 3 ports | 4 ports | Unit | |
Center Wavelength | 1064 | nm | ||
Operating Wavelength Range | +/-5 | nm | ||
Insertion Loss | Typ. | 1.8 | – | dB |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 2.1 | 2.8 | dB |
Isolation | Typ. | 30 | dB | |
Isolation | Min. | 25 | dB | |
Extinction Ratio | Min. | 20 | dB | |
Cross Talk | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Fiber Type | PM 980 Panda Fiber or Specify | |||
Handling Power | 300 | mW | ||
Tensile Load | Max. | 5 | N | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to 50 | °C | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 | °C |
1310nm, 1550nm
Parameters | 3 ports | 4 ports | Units |
Wavelength Range | 1310, 1550 ± 30 | nm | |
Transmission Configuration | 1 -> 2, 2 -> 3 | 1->2, 2->3, 3->4 | dB |
Isolation | < 52 | dB | |
Insertion Loss | < 0.9 | < 1.1 | dB |
Extinction Ratio | > 22 | > 20 | dB |
Return Loss | > 55 | dB | |
Cross Talk | > 50 | dB | |
Handling Power | 300 | mW | |
Fiber Type | PM Panda Fiber | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | °C | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | °C |
2000nm
Parameter | Value | Units |
Operating Wavelength | 2000 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss, @23 degC, CWL+/-30nm | 1.2 | dB |
Min. Isolation, CWL +/-30nm | 16 | dB |
Min. Crosstalk | 40 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Polarization Extinction Ratio | 0.2 | dB |
Max. Average Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 1 or 2 | W |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Fiber Type | PM 1550 Panda Fiber | — |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Package Dimensions | 8.4 x 8.4 x 34 | mm |
Order Instructions: see PDF.
High-Power or Pulse Circulators
Power | Polarization Independent Optical Circulator (PI CIR) | Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulators (PM CIR) |
500mW | 850nm PI CIR | — |
1300~1500nm PI CIR | ||
1310nm with Multimode Fiber PI CIR | ||
1W | 1064nm PI CIR | 1064nm PM CIR |
1360nm PI CIR | 1550nm PM CIR | |
1450nm PI CIR | — | |
1420~1490nm PI CIR | — | |
1460~1620nm PI CIR | — | |
1540nm PI CIR for Pulse Applications | — | |
CL Band (1520~1610nm) PI CIR | — | |
2W | — | 840nm PM CIR |
3W | 850nm PI CIR | 850nm PM CIR |
980nm PI CIR | 980nm PM CIR | |
— | 850, 980 or 1064nm PM CIR | |
5W | — | 1064nm PM CIR |
For Pulse App. | ||
10W | — | 1064nm PM CIR For Pulse App. |
1064nm PM CIR | ||
20W | 1064nm PI CIR | 1064nm PM CIR |
Order instructions:
OLCIR – [Type] – [Port] – [Wavelength] – [Handling Power] – [Cable Diameter] – [Connector Type] | |||||||||||
Type | Code | Port | Code | Wavelength | Code | Handling Power |
Code | Cable Diameter |
Code | Connector Type |
Code |
Polarization Independent (PI) |
I | 3 ports | 3 | 850 nm | 85 | 300mW | 300 | 250 μm | 25 | No Connector | NC |
Polarization Maintaining (PM) |
P | 4 ports | 4 | 980 nm | 98 | 500mW | 500 | 900 μm | 90 | FC/APC | FA |
1064 nm | 106 | 1000mW | 1000 | FC/PC | FP | ||||||
1310 nm | 131 | FC/UPC | FU | ||||||||
1550 nm | 155 | SC/APC | SA | ||||||||
1525-1610 nm | CL | SC/PC | SP | ||||||||
1565-1635 nm | L | ST/UPC | ST | ||||||||
SC/UPC | SU | ||||||||||
LC/PC | LP | ||||||||||
LC/UPC | LU | ||||||||||
MU/PC | MP |
Collimators (PDF)
Opto-Link provides Single-Mode and PM collimators.
Applications:
- EDFAs, DWDM
- Fiber optic sensors
- Photonic switches
- Isolators
- Circulators
- Couplers
- Test and measurement systems
Single-Mode Collimators
Available wavelengths and working distances.
Wavelength | Remarks |
532~980 nm | |
820~880 nm | |
840, 1310 nm | With AR Coating |
1034~1094 nm | |
1044~1084 nm | Working Distance: 150 mm |
1054~1074 nm | Working Distance: 300 mm |
1280~1340 nm | |
1280~1340 nm | Working Distance: 50 mm |
1280~1340 nm | Working Distance: 50 mm |
Lens type: Grin Lens or C Lens | |
1520~1580 nm | |
1520~1580 nm | Working Distance: 50 mm |
Lens type: Grin Lens or C Lens | |
1530~1570 nm | Working Distance: 100 mm |
1530~1570 nm | Beam Diameter: 0.9 mm |
1630~1670 nm | Working Distance: 30 mm |
850nm:
Parameters | Fiber | Units |
Central Wavelength | 850 | nm |
Spectral Bandwidth | +/-30 | nm |
Working Distance | 5 or Specify | mm |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.55 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Beam Diameter | 0.5 | mm |
Fiber Type | HI 780 Fiber | — |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1064nm:
Parameters |
Fiber
|
Units |
Central Wavelength |
1064
|
nm
|
Spectral Bandwidth |
+/-30
|
nm
|
Working Distance |
5 or Specify
|
mm
|
Typ. Insertion Loss @ 5mm |
0.25
|
dB
|
Max. Insertion Loss @ 5mm |
0.30 |
dB
|
Min. Return Loss |
60 |
dB
|
Max. PDL |
0.02
|
dB
|
Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
Fiber Type |
HI 1060 Fiber
|
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to 70
|
ºC
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to 85
|
ºC
|
1310 or 1550nm Single/Dual fiber collimators:
Parameter |
Single Fiber | Units | |
Central Wavelength | 1310 or 1550 or Specify | nm | |
Spectrum Bandwidth | +/- 30 | nm | |
Working Distance | 5 or Specify | mm | |
Insertion Loss | Typ. | 0.2 | dB |
Max. | 0.25 | dB | |
Return Loss | Min | 60 | dB |
PDL | Max. | 0.02 | dB |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 | ||
Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Handling Power | 300 | mW | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Instruction: see PDF.
PM Collimators
Available wavelengths and working distances:
Wavelength | Remarks |
1020~1040 nm | |
1034~1094 nm | |
1280~1340 nm | |
1280~1340 nm | Working Distance: 50mm |
1520~1580 nm | |
1530~1570 nm | Working Distance: 100mm |
* The following specifications are for the PM Collimator without connector.
* PM fiber & connector key are aligned to the slow axis. /font>
* For Devices with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
1064nm:
Parameters |
Fiber
|
Units
|
Central Wavelength |
1064
|
nm
|
Spectral Bandwidth |
+/- 30
|
nm
|
Working Distance |
5 or Specify
|
mm
|
Typ. Insertion Loss @ 5mm |
0.25
|
dB
|
Max. Insertion Loss @ 5mm |
0.30 |
dB
|
Typ. Extinction Ratio |
25
|
dB
|
Min. Extinction Ratio |
22
|
dB
|
Min. Return Loss |
60 |
dB
|
Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
Fiber Type |
PM 980 Panda Fiber
|
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to 70
|
ºC
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to 85
|
ºC
|
1310nm, 1550nm:
Parameter |
Single Fiber | Units | |
Central Wavelength | 1310, 1550 | nm | |
Spectral Bandwidth | +/- 30 | nm | |
Extinction Ratio | Min. | 22 | dB |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 0.25 | dB |
Return Loss | Min. | 60 | dB |
Working Distance | 5 or Specify | mm | |
Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Fiber Type | PM Panda Fiber | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Instruction: see PDF.
CWDM, DWDMs
Coarse and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer are built using Thin Film Filter technology.
CWDM (PDF)
Applications:
- Metro Optical Network
- Access Optical Network
- Enterprise Network
20nm spacing:
Parameter
|
Values
|
Units
|
|||
Channel Number |
2
|
4
|
8
|
16
|
nm
|
Start Wavelength |
ITU-T Grid
|
nm
|
|||
Passband@0.5dB |
>14
|
nm
|
|||
Passband |
C.W. +/-6.5
|
nm
|
|||
Passband Flatness |
<0.5
|
dB
|
|||
Typ. Insertion Loss |
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.8
|
4.3
|
dB
|
Max. Insertion Loss |
1.8
|
2.0
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
dB
|
Adjacent Channel Isolation |
>30
|
dB
|
|||
Non-adjacent Channel Isolation |
>45
|
dB
|
|||
Wavelength Thermal Stability |
<0.002
|
nm/ºC
|
|||
Insertion Loss Thermal Stability |
<0.005
|
<0.005
|
<0.007
|
<0.008
|
dB/ºC
|
Return Loss |
>45
|
dB
|
|||
PMD |
<0.1
|
<0.1
|
<0.15
|
<0.15
|
ps
|
PDL |
<0.1
|
<0.15
|
<0.2
|
<0.25
|
dB
|
Directivity |
>50
|
ºC
|
|||
Operation Temperature |
-5 to +65
|
ºC
|
|||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
|||
Dimension |
88.9×50.8×8.3
|
120x80x13
|
130x87x13
|
150x115x13
|
mm
|
PM, 20nm spacing:
Wavelength | Channel Spacing | Channel Number |
1510, 1530, 1550, 1570 nm | 20 nm | 4, 8 Channel |
Order Code: see PDF; for PM CWDM, add “P” before numbers.
Other configurations on request.
DWDM (PDF)
Applications:
- CATV
- DWDM Systems
- Fiber Optic Sensor
- Subscriber Loop
* The specification is for the DWDM without connector.
100GHz spacing
Parameter |
Channel Number
|
Units
|
||||||
Channel Number |
2
|
4
|
8
|
16
|
32
|
40
|
||
Start Wavelength |
ITU-T Grid
|
nm
|
||||||
Passband |
Central Wavelength +/-0.11
|
GHz
|
||||||
Channel Passband | Min. |
0.25
|
nm
|
|||||
Passband Flatness | Max. |
0.5
|
dB
|
|||||
Insertion Loss | Typ. |
1.4
|
1.6
|
2.6
|
3.8
|
4.8
|
5.2
|
dB
|
Max. |
1.8
|
2.0
|
3.2
|
4.5
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
dB
|
|
PDL | Max. |
0.10
|
0.15
|
0.20
|
0.25
|
0.30
|
0.30
|
dB
|
PMD | Max. |
0.10
|
0.15
|
ps
|
||||
Directivity | Min. |
50
|
dB
|
|||||
Adjacent Channel Isolation | Min. |
25
|
dB
|
|||||
Non-adjacent Channel Isolation | Min. |
45
|
dB
|
|||||
Return Loss | Min. |
45
|
dB
|
|||||
Wavelength Thermal Stability | Max. |
0.001
|
nm/ºC
|
|||||
Insertion Loss Thermal Stability | Max. |
0.005
|
0.007
|
0.008
|
dB/ºC
|
|||
Operation Temperature |
-5 to +65
|
ºC
|
||||||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
200GHz spacing:
Parameter |
Channel Number
|
Units
|
|||||
Channel Number |
2
|
4
|
8
|
16
|
20
|
||
Start Wavelength |
ITU-T Grid
|
nm
|
|||||
Passband |
Central Wavelength +/-0.25
|
GHz
|
|||||
Channel Passband | Min. |
0.6
|
nm
|
||||
Passband Flatness | Max. |
0.5
|
dB
|
||||
Insertion Loss | Typ. |
1.4
|
1.6
|
2.6
|
3.8
|
4.3
|
dB
|
Max. |
1.8
|
2.0
|
3.2
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
dB
|
|
PDL | Max. |
0.10
|
0.15
|
0.20
|
0.25
|
dB
|
|
PMD | Max. |
0.10
|
0.15
|
ps
|
|||
Directivity | Min. |
50
|
dB
|
||||
Adjacent Channel Isolation | Min. |
25
|
dB
|
||||
Non-adjacent Channel Isolation | Min. |
45
|
dB
|
||||
Return Loss | Min. |
45
|
dB
|
||||
Wavelength Thermal Stability | Max. |
0.002
|
nm/ºC
|
||||
Insertion Loss Thermal Stability | Max. |
0.005
|
0.007
|
0.008
|
dB/ºC
|
||
Operation Temperature |
-5 to +65
|
ºC
|
|||||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
PM DWDM
* The specification is for the PM DWDM without connector.
* For Devices with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
Parameter | Units | |||||
Filter Type | 200 | 100 | GHz | |||
Start Wavelength | ITU Grid | nm | ||||
Channel Passband | Bandwidth @0.5dB | Min. | 0.5 | 0.2 | nm | |
Typ. | 0.7 | 0.4 | nm | |||
Insertion Loss@C to P | Max. | 1 | 1.2 | dB | ||
Typ. | 0.8 | 1 | dB | |||
Channel Isolation @C to P | Min. | 25 | dB | |||
Typ. | 30 | dB | ||||
Reflection Band | Insertion Loss @C to R | Max. | 0.5 | dB | ||
Typ. | 0.3 | dB | ||||
Channel Isolation @C to R | Min. | 12 | dB | |||
Typ. | 15 | dB | ||||
Extinction Ratio @23 ºC | Min. | 20 | dB | |||
Typ. | 22 | dB | ||||
Directivity | Min. | 50 | dB | |||
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |||
Optical Power | Max. | 300 | mW | |||
Start Wavelength Stability | <= 0.002 | nm/ºC | ||||
Thermal Stability | <= 0.005 | dB/ºC | ||||
Tensile Load | Max. | 5 | N | |||
Fiber Type | PM Panda Fiber | — | ||||
Operating Temperature | -5 to 70 | ºC | ||||
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF; for PM CWDM, add “P” before numbers.
Other configurations on request.
他のWDM
Opto-Link provides Fused, Thin-Film Filter, Multimode and PM WDM.
Applications:
- CATV System
- DWDM System
- Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
Fused Single-Mode WDM :
1064nm (PDF):
Parameter | WDM 850/1064 | WDM 915/1064, 976/1064, 980/1064 | Unit |
Operating Wavelength | 850& 1064 | 915 & 1064, 976 & 1064, 980 & 1064 | nm |
Bandwidth | +/-5 | +/-5 | nm |
Insertion Loss | <0.3 | <0.3 | dB |
Isolation | >15 | >15 | dB |
Polarization Dependent Loss | <0.15 | <0.1 | dB |
Directivity | >60 | >60 | dB |
Thermal Stability | <0.002 | <0.002 | dB/ºC |
Operating Temperature | -40 to 85 | -40 to 85 | ºC |
他の波長 (PDF)
Parameter | 985 | 989 | 135 | 135H | 135S | 145 | 149 | 156 | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 980&1550 | 980&1590 | 1310&1550 | 1480&1550 | 1480&1590 | 1550&1625 | nm | |||
Bandwidth | ±15 | ±15 | ±5 | ±6 | ±5 | nm | ||||
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.25 | dB | |||
Isolation | Min | 20 | 17 | 38 | 45 | 16 | dB | |||
PDL | Max | 0.1 | dB | |||||||
Thermal Stability | Max | 0.002 | dB/ºC | |||||||
Directivity | Min | 60 | dB | |||||||
Configuration | 1 x 2 or 2 x 2 | |||||||||
Operating Temperature | -40 to 85 | -20 to 70 | -40 to 85 | ºC |
TFF WDM (PDF)
* The specification is for the TFF WDM without connector.
Parameter | 1310/1550nm | 1480/1550nm | 1510/1550nm |
980/1550nm
|
1550/1625nm
|
Units
|
||
Passband | Wavelength |
1270~1350/ 1530~1600 |
1450~1490/ 1530~1580 |
1500~1520/ 1530~1570 |
950~1010/ 1500~1600 |
1528~1563/ 1615~1635 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.7 | 1.0 |
dB
|
||||
Isolation | Min | 30 | 35 |
dB
|
||||
Reflection Band | Wavelength |
1530~1600/ 1270~1350 |
1530~1580/ 1450~1490 |
1530~1570/ 1500~1520 |
1500~1600/ 950~1010 |
1615~1635/ 1528~1563 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.5 | 0.6 |
dB
|
||||
Isolation | Min | 12 | 15 |
dB
|
||||
Thermal Stability | Min | 0.005 | 0.007 |
dB/ºC
|
||||
Return Loss | Min | 50 | 45 |
dB
|
||||
PDL | Max | 0.10 |
dB
|
|||||
Handling Power | Max | 300 |
mW
|
|||||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | -10 to +65 |
ºC
|
|||||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 |
ºC
|
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Multimode filter WDM (PDF)
Applications:
- Multimode Fiber Communication Systems
- Testing Instrumentation
- CATV
* The specification is for the MM WDM without connector.
*The Specification is measured under scrambled mode condition.
850, 1310nm:
Parameter | Values |
Units
|
|||
Passband | Wavelength | 800~900 | 1260~1360 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.8 |
dB
|
||
Isolation | Min | 30 |
dB
|
||
Reflection Band | Wavelength | 1260~1360 | 800~900 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.7 |
dB
|
||
Isolation | Min | 12 |
dB
|
||
Directivity | Min | 40 |
dB
|
||
Return Loss | Min | 40 |
dB
|
||
PDL | Max | 0.1 |
dB
|
||
Insertion Loss Thermal Stability | Max | 0.005 |
dB/ºC
|
||
Optical Power | Max | 300 |
mW
|
||
Fiber Type | Multimode Fiber 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm |
µm
|
|||
Operating Temperature | 0 to 70 |
ºC
|
|||
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 |
ºC
|
|||
Dimensions | dia 5.5 x 34 |
mm
|
1310, 1550nm:
Parameter | Values |
Units
|
|||
Passband | Wavelength | 1250~1350 | 1520~1600 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.6 |
dB
|
||
Isolation | Min | 30 |
dB
|
||
Reflection Band | Wavelength | 1520~1600 | 1250~1350 |
nm
|
|
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.5 |
dB
|
||
Isolation | Min | 12 |
dB
|
||
Directivity | Min | 35 |
dB
|
||
Return Loss | Min | 35 |
dB
|
||
PDL | Max | 0.1 |
dB
|
||
Insertion Loss Thermal Stability | Max | 0.005 |
dB/ºC
|
||
Optical Power | Max | 300 |
mW
|
||
Fiber Type | Multimode Fiber 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm |
µm
|
|||
Operating Temperature | 0 to 70 |
ºC
|
|||
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 |
ºC
|
|||
Dimensions | dia 5.5 x 34 |
mm
|
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
PM WDM (PDF)
* The specifications are for the PM WDM without connector.
* For Devices with Connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower.
* The PM fiber and connector key are aligned to the slow axis
1064nm
Parameter | Values | Units | |
Passband | Wavelength Range | 980 +/-10 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1 | dB | |
Reflection Band | Wavelength Range | 1064 +/-10 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.7 | dB | |
Min. Isolation @ Passband Wavelength | 12 | dB | |
Max. Variation Insertion Loss | 0.3 | dB | |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB | |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB | |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Min. Signal Blocking (Input 2 to Input 1, 1064nm) | 55 | dB | |
Max. Optical Power | 300 | mW | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to 70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 | ºC |
1550nm
Parameter | Values | Units | |||
Wavelength Range | 1270~1350 (1530~1600) | 1450-1490 (1530~1600) | 1500-1520 (1530~1570) | nm | |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.6 | 0.7 | dB | ||
Passband | Min. Isolation | 25 | dB | ||
Wavelength Range | 1530~1600 (1270~1350) | 1530~1600 (1450~1490) | 1530~1570 (1500~1520) | nm | |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.5 | dB | |||
Reflection Band | Min. Isolation | 12 | dB | ||
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB | |||
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB | |||
Max. Optical Power | 300 | mW | |||
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |||
Operating Temperature | -5 to70 | ºC | |||
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 | ºC |
1550 / 980nm (PDF)
Parameter | Values | Units | |
Passband | Wavelength Range | 1530-1580 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.7 | dB | |
Min. Isolation @ Reflection Band Wavelength | 30 | dB | |
Reflection Band | Wavelength Range | 980 +/-20 | nm |
Max. Insertion Loss | 0.6 | dB | |
Min. Isolation @ Passband Wavelength | 12 | dB | |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB | |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB | |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Max. Optical Power | 500 | mW | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to 70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to 85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Faraday Mirror
Opto-Link provides Single-mode and Polarization-Maintaining Faraday mirrors.
Applications:
- Fiber Amplifier
- Fiber Laser
- Test Instrumentation
Single-mode Faraday Mirror (PDF)
* The specification is for the Faraday Mirror without connector.
1064nm
Parameter | Values | Units |
Center Wavelength | 1064 | nm |
Operating Range | +/-5 | Nm |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 2.8 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 3.0 | dB |
Faraday Rotation Angle (Single Pass) | 45 | degree |
Max. Rotation Angle Tolerance (Center Wavelength, 23 ºC) | +/-3 | degree |
Max. PDL | 0.05 | dB |
Max. PMD | 0.05 | ps |
Fiber Type | HI 1060 fiber or specify | — |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 150 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +50 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1310, 1480 and 1550nm:
Parameter |
Values | Units | |
Center Wavelength | 1310, 1480, 1550 | nm | |
Operating Range | +/-15 | nm | |
Insertion Loss | <0.6 (Typ. 0.4) | <0.75 (Typ. 0.55) | dB |
Nominal Faraday Rotation Angle (Single Pass) | 45 | 90 | degree |
Rotation Angle Tolerance (Single Pass) | <+/-3 | <+/-5 | degree |
PDL | <0.05 | dB | |
PMD | <0.05 | ps | |
Handling Power | 300 | mW | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
PM Faraday Mirror (PDF)
1310, 1480, 1550nm:
* The specification is for the PM Faraday Mirror without connector.
Parameter | Values | Units |
Center Wavelength | 1310, 1480, 1550 | nm |
Operating Range | +/-15 | nm |
Insertion Loss | <0.6 (Typ. 0.4) | dB |
Nominal Faraday Rotation Angle (Single Pass) | 45 | degree |
Rotation Angle Tolerance (Single Pass) | <+/-3 | degree |
Extinction Ratio | >20 | dB |
Handling Power | 300 | mW |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Isolator (PDF)
Opto-Link provides Single/Dual stage and Broadband polarization independent isolator, PM or Polarization-dependent free-space isolators and GFF or High-Power isolators.
PI isolators (PDF):
Applications:
- DWDM Systems
- Fiber Optic Sensors
- EDFAs
- CATV
- Laser Diode Package
* Above specifications are for Isolator without connector.
*For devices with connectors, IL will be 0.3dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower.
760nm
Parameters | Single Stage | Units | |
Center Wavelength | 760 +/-10 | nm | |
Min. Isolation | 22 | dB | |
Typ. Peak Isolation | 28 | dB | |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 1.0 | dB | |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1.3 | dB | |
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) | 50/50 | dB | |
Max. PDL | 0.2 | dB | |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 500 | mW | |
Fiber Type | HI 780 Fiber | — | |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +60 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +75 | ºC |
850nm
Parameters | Single Stage | Units |
Center Wavelength | 850 | nm |
Min. Isolation | 22 | dB |
Typ. Peak Isolation | 28 | dB |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 0.8 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1.2 | dB |
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) | 50/50 | dB |
Max. PDL | 0.1 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 500 | mW |
Fiber Type | HI 780 | — |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +60 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +75 | ºC |
980nm
Parameters | Single Stage | Units |
Center Wavelength | 980 | nm |
Min. Isolation | 25 | dB |
Typ. Peak Isolation | 30 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Max. PDL | 0.1 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 3000 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +60 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +75 | ºC |
Fiber Type | HI 1060 | — |
1064nm
Parameters |
Single Stage
|
Dual Stage
|
High Power
|
Units
|
Center Wavelength |
1064, 1080
|
1064
|
nm
|
|
Typ. Peak Isolation |
40
|
55
|
30
|
dB
|
Min. Isolation at 23ºC, +/-10nm, all polarization states |
30
|
45
|
25
|
dB
|
Insertion Loss at 23ºC, C.W., all polarization states |
1.5 (Typ), 2.0 (Max)
|
2.4 (Typ), 3.4 (Max)
|
0.8 (Typ), 1.2 (Max)
|
dB
|
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) |
55/50
|
55/50
|
50/50
|
dB
|
Max. PDL |
0.15 (at 23ºC)
|
0.15 (at 23ºC)
|
0.1
|
dB
|
Max. Optical Power |
300
|
3000
|
mW
|
|
Max. Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
||
Fiber Type |
HI 1060 Fiber
|
—
|
||
Operating Temperature |
-5 to +50
|
0 to +60
|
ºC
|
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
-20 to +75
|
ºC
|
1310, 1480, 1550nm:
Parameter |
Single Stage
|
Dual Stage
|
Units
|
|
Center Wavelength |
1310, 1480, 1550
|
nm
|
||
Insertion Loss | Typ |
0.35
|
0.4 |
dB
|
Max | 0.5 | 0.55 | dB | |
Isolation | Max |
42
|
58
|
dB
|
Min |
32
|
46
|
dB
|
|
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | Max |
0.05
|
0.05
|
dB
|
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) | Max |
0.20
|
0.05
|
ps
|
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) |
60/55
|
60/55
|
dB
|
|
Optical Power |
300 (1W is also available)
|
mW
|
||
Tensile Load |
5
|
N
|
||
Operating Temperature |
-5 to +70
|
ºC
|
||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
2000nm:
Parameters | Single Stage Dual Stage | Units | |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm | |
Max. Polarization Dependent Loss | 0.15 0.20 | dB | |
Min. Isolation, CWL+/-50nm, 23ºC, all polarization states | 16 35 | dB | |
Max. Insertion Loss, CWL+/-20nm, all temperature, all polarization states | 1.2 1.5 | dB | |
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) | 50 | dB | |
Max. Polarization Mode Dispersion | 0.20 0.05 | ps | |
Max. Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 1 or 2 | W | |
Max. Peak Power for ns Pulse | 10 | kW | |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 fiber | — | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Broadband PI Isolator, Gain Flatten Filter Isolator (PDF)
Broadband:
Parameter | Single Stage | Dual Stage | Units | |
Wavelength Range | 1460 to 1620 | nm | ||
Insertion Loss | 0.5 (Typ), 0.7 (Max) | 0.6 (Typ), 0.8 (Max) | dB | |
Isolation | 42 (Typ), 20 (Min) | 50 (Typ), 35 (Min) | dB | |
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | Max | 0.07 | dB | |
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) | Max | 0.2 | 0.05 | ps |
Return Loss (Input/Output) | Min | 60/55 | dB | |
Optical Power | 300 (1W also available) | mW | ||
Tensile Load | 5 | N | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC | ||
Dimension | ø5.5 x 55 | mm |
GFF isolator:
Parameter | Values | Units | |
Wavelength | S:1460~1530, C:1530~1570, L:1570~1620 | nm | |
Insertion Loss | GFF target profile dependent | ||
Isolation | Min | 30 | dB |
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | Max | 0.1 | dB |
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) | Max | 0.2 | ps |
Return Loss | Min | 55 | dB |
Error Function | +/-0.5 | dB | |
Optical Power | 300 (1W is also available) | mW | |
Operating Temperature | -10 to +65 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -30 to +85 | ºC | |
Dimension | ø5.5 x 33.5 | mm |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
PM Isolator (PDF)
* Above specifications are for PM Isolator without connectors.
* The PM fiber and connector key are aligned to the slow axis.
* For devices with connectors, IL will be 0.3 dB higher, RL will be 5dB lower, ER will be 2dB lower and optical power will be lower.
850nm
Parameters | Single Stage | Units |
Center Wavelength | 850 | nm |
Max. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB |
Typ. Peak Isolation | 35 | dB |
Min. Isolation | 28 | dB |
Typ. Insertion Loss | 1.1 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1.5 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 45/45 | dB |
Max. Optical Power | 2000 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Fiber Type | PM 850 Panda Fiber | — |
980nm
Parameters | Single Stage | Units |
Center Wavelength | 980 | nm |
Min. Isolation | 25 | dB |
Typ. Peak Isolation | 30 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss | 1 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (CW) | 1000 | mW |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +60 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +75 | ºC |
Fiber Type | PM 980 Panda Fiber | — |
1064nm
Parameters |
Single Stage
|
Dual Stage
|
High Power
|
Unit
|
|
Center Wavelength |
1064
|
nm
|
|||
Extinction Ratio |
Min
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
dB
|
Isolation |
Typ
|
38
|
55
|
30
|
dB
|
Min
|
35
|
45
|
25
|
||
Insertion Loss |
Typ
|
1.5
|
2.4
|
0.8
|
dB
|
Max
|
2.0
|
3.4
|
1.2
|
||
Return Loss (Input/Output) |
Min
|
55/50
|
55/50
|
50/50
|
dB
|
Optical Power |
Max
|
300
|
3000
|
mW
|
|
Tensile Load |
Max
|
5
|
N
|
||
Fiber Type |
PM 980 Panda Fiber or Specify
|
— |
|||
Operating Temperature |
-5 to + 50
|
0 to +60
|
ºC
|
||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
-20 to +75
|
ºC
|
1310, 1480, 1550nm
Parameters |
Single Stage
|
Dual Stage
|
Unit
|
|
Center Wavelength |
1310, 1480, 1550
|
nm
|
||
Extinction Ratio |
Min
|
20
|
20
|
dB
|
Isolation |
Typ
|
42 |
58 |
dB
|
Min
|
32
|
46
|
||
Insertion Loss |
Typ
|
0.4 |
0.5 |
dB
|
Max
|
0.55 (0.6 for 1W)
|
0.65
|
||
Return Loss (Input/Output) |
Min
|
55/50
|
55/50
|
dB
|
Optical Power |
Max
|
300 (1000mW is also Available)
|
mW
|
|
Tensile Load |
Max
|
5
|
N
|
|
Fiber Type |
PM Panda Fiber or Specify
|
—
|
||
Operating Temperature |
-5 to + 70
|
ºC
|
||
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
2000nm
Parameters | Single Stage Dual Stage | Units | |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm | |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 18 | dB | |
Min. Isolation, CWL+/-50nm, 23ºC, all polarization states | 16 35 | dB | |
Max. Insertion Loss, CWL+/-20nm, all temperature, all polarization states | 1.2 1.5 | dB | |
Min. Return Loss (Input/Output) | 50 | dB | |
Max. Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 1 or 2 | W | |
Max. Peak Power for ns Pulse | 10 | kW | |
Max. Tensile Load | 5 | N | |
Fiber Type | PM1550 Panda fiber | — | |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Polarisation-dependent Free-space isolator:
It minimizes back reflection and back scattering in the reverse direction for any state of polarization. The device has an epoxy-free optical path and provides high isolation with low polarization dependent loss over the operating wavelength range.
Ordering code:
OLISO – PD – FS – [Wavelength] – [Handling Power] |
Wavelength |
Code
|
Handling Power | Code |
780nm |
078
|
300mW | 300 |
1034nm | 103 | 500W/cm2 | 300 |
High power Isolator
Power | Polarization Independent Optical Isolator (PI ISO) | Polarization Maintaining Optical Circulators (PM ISO) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
500mW | 750~770nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1030nm Single Stage PM ISO | ||||||
850nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1050 nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
850nm (Higher Isolation) Single StagePI ISO | 1064nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
980nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1080nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1030nm Single Stage PI ISO | ||||||||
1050nm Single Stage PI ISO | ||||||||
1080nm Single Stage PI ISO | ||||||||
1W | 1060nm Single Stage PI ISO | 980nm Single Stage PM ISO | ||||||
1064nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1064nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1250nm Dual Stage PI ISO | 1064nm Single Stage PM ISOFor. Pulse Application | |||||||
1255nm Dual Stage PI ISO | 1310/1480/1550nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1310/1480/1550nm Single/Dual StagePI ISO | ||||||||
1460~1620nm Single/Dual StageBroadband PI ISO | ||||||||
2W | — | 850nm Single Stage PM ISO | ||||||
— | 1030nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
3W | 980nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1030nm Single Stage PM ISO | ||||||
1030nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1040nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1064nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1043nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1080nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1064nm Single/Dual Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1270/1280nm Single/Dual Stage PI ISO | 1080nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
1310/1480/1550nm Single/Dual StagePI ISO | 1100nm Single Stage PM ISO | |||||||
5W | 1550nm Single/Dual Stage PI ISO | — | ||||||
10W | 1064nm Single Stage PI ISO | 1064nm Single Stage PM ISO |
Optical switch
Opto-Link provides Optical Switch following the standard of Telcordia GR-1209, in Benchtop/Rackmount or Module version.
Application:
- Optical Add/Drop
- Fiber Optic Ring Protection
- Optical Cross Connection
* The specification is for the device without connector.
1xN Optical Switch benchtop/rackmount (PDF):
Parameter | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 1310, 1550, 1310/1550 | nm | |
Switch Type # | 1xN (N=16, 32, 40) | — | |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 0.8 | dB |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB |
PDL | Max. | 0.05 | dB |
Insertion Loss Stability | +/-0.05 | dB | |
Crosstalk | Max. | -70 | dB |
Repeatability | +/-0.05 | dB | |
Life Time | 10,000,000 | Cycles | |
Switching Time (Sequential Switching) | 12 | ms | |
Handling Power | 300 | mW | |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +50 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -20 to +60 | ºC | |
Voltage Supply | 220 | V AC | |
Interface | RS232 | — | |
Dimensions | Benchtop or 19″ 1U Rackmount | mm |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Optical switch modules (PDF)
Single-Mode:
* The specification is for the Optical Switch without connector.
- 1×1, 1×2, 2×2 Optical switch
Parameter | Value | Units | ||
Operating Wavelength | 1260~1360 or 1510~1610 | nm | ||
Switch Type | 1×1 (On – Off), 1×2 | 2×2, 2x2B | — | |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 0.6 | 0.8 | dB |
Return Loss | Min. | 45 | dB | |
Cross Talk | Min. | 55 | dB | |
PDL | Typ. | 0.05 | dB | |
Repeatability | Max. | +/-0.05 | dB | |
Life Time | Min. | 1,000,000 | Times | |
Switch Speed | Max. | 10 | ms | |
Switch Mode | Bistable Relay | — | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC | ||
Voltage | 5+/-0.5V DC or 5V Pulse | V | ||
Current | 40+/-4 | mA | ||
Dimensions | 45x18x10 | mm |
- 1×4, 4×4 Optical switch modules
Parameter | Value | Units | ||
Operating Wavelength | 1310, 1550, 1310/1550 | 1550+/-50 | nm | |
Switch Type | 1×4 | 4×4 | — | |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 1.5 | 2.5 | dB |
Return Loss | Min. | 50 | dB | |
Cross Talk | Min. | 60 | dB | |
Repeatability | Max. | +/-0.08 | +/-0.05 | dB |
Life Time | Min. | 1,000,000 | Times | |
Switch Speed | Max. | 10 | 20 | ms |
PDL | Typ. | 0.05 | dB | |
Operating Temperature | 0 to +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC | ||
Voltage | 5+/-0.5V DC | V | ||
Current | 40+/-4 | 200+/-20 | mA | |
Dimensions | 134x90x18 | 153x125x20 | mm |
- 850nm:
Parameter | Value | Units | ||
Switch Type | 1×1, 1×2, 2×2, 2x2B | — | ||
Wavelength | 1310 or 1550(SM) | 1310 & 1550(SM) | 850 or 1310(MM) | nm |
Insertion Loss | Typ: 0.5Max: 0.8 | Typ: 0.7Max: 1.0 | Typ: 0.5Max: 0.8 | dB |
Return Loss | >45 | >45 | >25 | dB |
Cross Talk | >55 | >55 | >30 | dB |
Repeatability | <+/- 0.05 | dB | ||
Switch Time | 10 | Ms | ||
Lifetime | >1,000,000 | Time | ||
Switch Mode | Latching or Non-latching | — | ||
Operation Temperature | -15 ~ +70 | ºC | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 ~ +85 | ºC | ||
Drive Voltage | 5+/-0.5DC or 5V Pulse | V | ||
Work Current | <50 | mA | ||
Package | 45x18x10 | mm |
Multimode (PDF):
Applications:
- Optical Signal Routing
- Network Test Systems
- Instrumentation
- Optical Network Protection/Restoration
- Configurable Optical Add/Drop
- Transmitter and Receiver Protection
- 1×2 MM Optical switch:
Parameter | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 850, 1310 or 1550 +/- 40 | 850/1310, 850/1550, 1310/1550 | nm |
Insertion Loss | <= 0.8 | <= 1.0 | dB |
Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL) | <= 0.25 | <= 0.30 | dB |
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | <= 0.05 | dB | |
Cross Talk | >= 35 | dB | |
Return Loss | >= 35 | dB | |
Switching Speed | <= 10 (Typ. = 4) |
ms | |
Operating Voltage | 5 | V | |
Power Handling | 500 | mW | |
Durability | 10 Million | cycles | |
Operating Temperature | 0 ~ +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 ~ +85 | ºC | |
Dimension | 32.76 x 12.6 x 11.0 (or Custom Size) | mm |
- 2×2 MM Optical switch:
Parameter | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 850, 1310 or 1550 +/- 40 | 850/1310, 850/1550, 1310/1550 | nm |
Insertion Loss | <= 1.0 | <= 1.2 | dB |
Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL) | <= 0.25 | <= 0.30 | dB |
Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | <= 0.05 | dB | |
Cross Talk | >= 35 | dB | |
Return Loss | >= 35 | dB | |
Switching Speed (Typ.) | <= 10 (Typ. = 4) |
ms | |
Operating Voltage | 5 | V | |
Power Handling | 500 | mW | |
Durability | 10 Million | cycles | |
Operating Temperature | 0 ~ +70 | ºC | |
Storage Temperature | -40 ~ +85 | ºC | |
Dimension | 32.76 x 12.6 x 11.0 (or Custom Size) | mm |
1×2 Solid-state optical switch module (PDF):
Parameter | Value | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 1550 +/- 50 | nm | |
Insertion Loss | Max. | 1 | |
Typ. | 0.7 | dB | |
Polarization Dependent Loss (WDL) | <= 0.1 | dB | |
Polarization Mode Dispersion | <= 0.1 | ps | |
Cross Talk | >= 50 | dB | |
Return Loss | >= 55 | dB | |
Switching Speed | Max. | 200 | |
Typ. | 50 | us | |
Drive Voltage | 5 | V | |
Operating Temperature | 0 ~ +70 | ºC | |
Dimension | 66.8 x 7.8 x 7.8 | mm |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Patchcords / Pigtails (PDF)
Opto-Link provides Single-Mode, Multimode and Polarization-Maintaining patchcords.
Applications:
- PM Amplifier
- Fiber Lasers
- Test Instrumentation
* The specification is for the Patchcord/ Pigtail without connector.
Single Mode 633/780/850/980/1064/1310/1550nm Patchcord:
Parameter | PC | UPC | APC | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 633/780/850/980/1064/1310/1550 | nm | |||
Return Loss | Min | 50 | 50 | 60 | dB |
Interchange Ability | Max | 0.1 | dB | ||
Repeatability | Max | 0.2 | dB | ||
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.3 | dB | ||
Tension Load | 5 | N | |||
Connection Durability | Min | 1000 | times | ||
Operating Temperature | FC | -40 to +80 | °C | ||
SC | -25 to +70 | °C | |||
Connector | FC, SC | — |
Multimode 850, 1310nm patchcord:
* The specification is for the MM Patchcord/ Pigtail without connector.
Parameter | PC | Units | |
Operating Wavelength | 850/1310 | nm | |
Return Loss | Min | 36 | dB |
Interchange Ability | Max | 0.2 | dB |
Repeatability | Max | 0.1 | dB |
Insertion Loss | Max | 0.1 | dB |
Tension Load | 5 | N | |
Connection Durability | Min | 1000 | times |
Operating Temperature | FC | -40 to +80 | °C |
SC | -25 to +70 | °C | |
Connector | FC, SC, ST | — |
PM 980/1060/1310/1480/1550nm Patchcord:
Parameter | Values | Units | ||
Operating Wavelength | 980/1060/1310/1480/1550 | nm | ||
Connector Type | FC/UPC, SC/UPC | FC/APC, SC/APC | — | |
Return Loss | Min | 50 | 60 | dB |
Insertion Loss | Typ | 0.3 | 0.4 | dB |
Max | 0.5 | dB | ||
Extinction Ratio | Min | 23 | dB | |
Optical Power | Max | 300 | mW | |
Key Orientation | Slow Axis | — | ||
Axis Alignment | +/- 3° | — | ||
Fiber Length Tolerance | 10 | % | ||
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | °C | ||
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | °C |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
Polarizer (PDF)
Opto-Link provides In-line Polarizer.
Applications:
- Fiber Optic Amplifiers
- Fiber Optic Systems Testing
- Fiber Optic LAN Systems
- Telecommunications
* The specifications are for the Polarizers without connector.
980nm
Parameter | Values | Units |
Center Wavelength | 980 | nm |
Operating Wavelength | +/-30 | nm |
Insertion Loss at 23ºC | Typ 0.7, Max 0.9 | dB |
Extinction ratio at 23ºC | Typ 30, Min 28 | dB |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Handling Power | 300 | mW |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
1064nm
Parameter |
Values
|
Units
|
Center Wavelength |
1064
|
nm
|
Operating Wavelength |
+/-30
|
nm
|
Insertion Loss at 23ºC |
Typ 0.4, Max 0.6
|
dB
|
Extinction ratio at 23ºC |
Typ 30, Min 28
|
dB
|
Min. Return Loss |
50
|
dB
|
Handling Power |
300
|
mW
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to +70
|
ºC
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
1310, 1480, 1550, 1590 and 1610nm:
Parameter |
Values
|
Units
|
|
Center Wavelength |
1310, 1480, 1550, 1590
|
1610
|
nm
|
Operating Wavelength |
+/-50
|
+/-30
|
nm
|
Insertion Loss at 23ºC |
Typ 0.3, Max 0.5
|
Typ 0.35, Max 0.6
|
dB
|
Extinction ratio at 23ºC |
Typ 30, Min 28
|
dB
|
|
Min. Return Loss |
50
|
dB
|
|
Handling Power |
300
|
mW
|
|
Operating Temperature |
-5 to +70
|
ºC
|
|
Storage Temperature |
-40 to +85
|
ºC
|
2000nm
Parameter | Values | Units |
Center Wavelength (CWL) | 2000 | nm |
Operating Wavelength Range | CWL+/-30 | nm |
Typ. Insertion Loss, 23ºC | 0.8 | dB |
Max. Insertion Loss, 23ºC | 1 | dB |
Min. Extinction Ratio | 20 | dB |
Max. Optical Power (Continuous Wave) | 300 | mW |
Min. Return Loss | 50 | dB |
Fiber Type | SMF-28 or PM1550 Panda | — |
Operating Temperature | -5 to +70 | ºC |
Storage Temperature | -40 to +85 | ºC |
Order Code: see PDF.
Other configurations on request.
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